1、放(fang)坡大開挖法施(shi)工的地鐵車站:一般止(zhi)(zhi)水帶(dai)(dai)做法基本是:結構底板、側壁(bi)采(cai)用雙(shuang)面(mian)(或(huo)單面(mian))自粘止(zhi)(zhi)水帶(dai)(dai)止(zhi)(zhi)水帶(dai)(dai)(貼必定),側壁(bi)、頂(ding)板采(cai)用單組分聚氨酯止(zhi)(zhi)水帶(dai)(dai)涂料,這類型地鐵止(zhi)(zhi)水帶(dai)(dai)施(shi)工易取(qu)得(de)較為滿意(yi)的止(zhi)(zhi)水帶(dai)(dai)效(xiao)果,單從(cong)止(zhi)(zhi)水帶(dai)(dai)施(shi)工管理與具(ju)體質量控制來說,此類型完整(zheng)的止(zhi)(zhi)水帶(dai)(dai)工程(cheng)大致如下:
1)、開(kai)(kai)挖與護坡(po):一(yi)般(ban)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層開(kai)(kai)挖深(shen)度在15米左右(you),不(bu)太深(shen);一(yi)般(ban)均為(wei)了(le)提高地(di)(di)基(ji)承載力和護坡(po),設計進行了(le)地(di)(di)基(ji)處理加(jia)固,和護坡(po)與放(fang)坡(po),一(yi)些(xie)情況下(xia),有(you)可能受征(zheng)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)影響受征(zheng)地(di)(di)等因素影響,使之放(fang)坡(po)受限制。或(huo)多(duo)或(huo)少均有(you)可能受到(dao)地(di)(di)下(xia)承壓水及周圍環境如周邊的(de)(de)(de)排(pai)水系統的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些(xie)不(bu)利作用,須(xu)利用適(shi)當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)排(pai)水、降(jiang)水、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)體動態監測與加(jia)固,滿足施工(gong)現(xian)場的(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定。對于開(kai)(kai)挖中的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些(xie)良好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層(或(huo)改(gai)良)可作為(wei)良好(hao)(hao)回(hui)(hui)填(tian)阻水層,必須(xu)有(you)良好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)組(zu)織回(hui)(hui)填(tian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)順序,妥善保存(cun)好(hao)(hao)開(kai)(kai)挖預留(liu)的(de)(de)(de)回(hui)(hui)填(tian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),以防參入(ru)不(bu)良雜土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),保持(chi)良好(hao)(hao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)體的(de)(de)(de)自然狀態,適(shi)當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)改(gai)良土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層,將回(hui)(hui)填(tian)隔水層的(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層的(de)(de)(de)含(han)水量保持(chi)在較佳含(han)水量、分(fen)層(200∽250mm)夯實(shi)、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)體密實(shi)系數d不(bu)小于0.91,并確保隔水回(hui)(hui)填(tian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層厚度不(bu)小于500mm。基(ji)本上(shang)可以彌補(bu)止水帶工(gong)程及結構本身的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)缺陷。
2)、有(you)序而良好的(de)(de)(de)組(zu)織(zhi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong),即是按(an)照施(shi)工(gong)(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)設計要求嚴密的(de)(de)(de)組(zu)織(zhi)各項施(shi)工(gong)(gong),確保各道工(gong)(gong)序有(you)合(he)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)周期,如何確定和保障合(he)理(li)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)周期,在實際施(shi)工(gong)(gong)是很難做到的(de)(de)(de);多種原因(yin)促使(shi)相關工(gong)(gong)序施(shi)工(gong)(gong)中的(de)(de)(de)相互交叉(cha)、占用、拖延,或由(you)于意外的(de)(de)(de)情況使(shi)之(zhi)不足或延誤;
3)、相對各施(shi)工(gong)單位和(he)監理來說,對將進行(xing)的(de)(de)止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)藝,要(yao)有一(yi)個完(wan)整(zheng)止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)施(shi)工(gong)方案和(he)止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)施(shi)工(gong)組織設計,并(bing)進行(xing)嚴格的(de)(de)培訓:至少要(yao)對止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)材料及其施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)藝的(de)(de)驗收、檢驗標準(zhun)有一(yi)個完(wan)整(zheng)的(de)(de)概念和(he)明示;同(tong)時(shi)對止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)藝所要(yao)求的(de)(de)環(huan)境、相互的(de)(de)配合有嚴格的(de)(de)規(gui)定;并(bing)進行(xing)工(gong)序之間(jian)的(de)(de)書面交接;相關(guan)人員及監理簽(qian)字負責;
4)、后續工序對橡膠止水帶完善的保護,這一(yi)點(dian)尤為重要(yao)(yao);特別(bie)是在砼澆筑(zhu)時(shi)和澆筑(zhu)后,要(yao)(yao)及(ji)時(shi)檢查(cha)、防損壞撕(si)裂、修補、維(wei)護及(ji)防老化處理(li)等確(que)保止水帶工程整體(ti)性;必(bi)須有一(yi)個完整的書(shu)面(mian)記錄(lu)和得到(dao)監理(li)簽(qian)字認證。
5)、對(dui)于開挖放坡施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)法來說,各項工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)質量(liang)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作條件相對(dui)其它工(gong)(gong)(gong)法施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)來說要好得(de)多;同時可以(yi)針對(dui)常(chang)見的(de)(de)地下工(gong)(gong)(gong)程滲漏水的(de)(de)特點,有目的(de)(de)的(de)(de)加(jia)強,這里主要做的(de)(de)是:
A、地下結構止水(shui)帶(dai)質(zhi)量(liang)關鍵在于(yu)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)的施工質(zhi)量(liang)。合理的選擇混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)配合比(bi)(bi),以(yi)(yi)滿(man)足止水(shui)帶(dai)砼的需(xu)要,在混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)中摻優(you)質(zhi)粉煤灰和高效減(jian)(jian)水(shui)劑,降低(di)水(shui)泥用量(liang),減(jian)(jian)少水(shui)灰比(bi)(bi),這樣可以(yi)(yi)降低(di)水(shui)化熱,降低(di)了(le)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)初期開裂的機率。在混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)施工前對振(zhen)搗(dao)工進行專項交底,制定獎懲措施,加強振(zhen)搗(dao)工人責任感,對混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)結構的澆(jiao)(jiao)筑(zhu)采(cai)用了(le)分(fen)層(ceng)、分(fen)段澆(jiao)(jiao)搗(dao),確保(bao)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)澆(jiao)(jiao)注的密實性(xing)。混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)澆(jiao)(jiao)注完(wan)成,通過(guo)建立養(yang)護(hu)專項臺帳(zhang),采(cai)取覆蓋或蓄(xu)水(shui)等措施控制混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)內外溫差(cha)不(bu)超過(guo)20℃,養(yang)護(hu)時間(jian)不(bu)少于(yu)14天。
B、仔細認(ren)真處(chu)理(li)(li)好相關砼施工(gong)縫A)、在施工(gong)縫的銜接處(chu)理(li)(li)上除澆筑前鑿毛(mao)清理(li)(li)外,還應涂刷(shua)砼界面(mian)劑,這樣能有效的與后(hou)續澆注的混凝土(tu)緊密結合。
B)、變形縫的處理,除按規范安裝遇水膨脹橡膠止水帶外,還在其外露部分澆(jiao)灌聚氨脂(zhi)密(mi)封膏(gao)及雙(shuang)層止水帶加強處(chu)理,另再(zai)做72小時蓄水試驗,不(bu)滲(shen)漏(lou)后,才予(yu)以(yi)隱蔽;C)、止水帶處(chu)的砼澆(jiao)筑:應(ying)(ying)按設計要求頂板(ban)、底板(ban)的中(zhong)置式止水板(ban)向(xiang)上翹150~200,以(yi)利于砼澆(jiao)筑,如遇特殊無法完全振(zhen)搗(dao)密(mi)實(shi)砼,應(ying)(ying)另加設注漿管,或(huo)局部開(kai)孔再(zai)補焊;
C、側墻、頂板在做止水帶封閉之前,應嚴格、仔細(xi)檢查各(ge)處砼面(mian)層缺陷(xian)情(qing)況,作好(hao)記錄、進行(xing)修補(bu),各(ge)相關責(ze)任人及監理簽字驗收。
D、陰(yin)陽角(jiao)的(de)處(chu)理:陰(yin)角(jiao)的(de)做(zuo)法(此處(chu)側壁止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)為(wei)單組份聚(ju)氨酯(zhi)止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)2.5mm厚)按規(gui)范(fan)是將底(di)板(ban)(ban)止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)甩(shuai)槎部(bu)分粘貼在側墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)上,再由側墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)聚(ju)氨脂止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)涂(tu)(tu)膜覆蓋(gai)密(mi)封(feng),在實際(ji)施工中這樣做(zuo)存(cun)在質量隱患。(止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)較(jiao)厚,不能與(yu)(yu)側墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)直行(xing)有效(xiao)粘貼),可以(yi)將聚(ju)氨脂涂(tu)(tu)膜一(yi)次性做(zuo)到底(di)部(bu),并在底(di)部(bu)往上50cm做(zuo)雙(shuang)層(ceng)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)涂(tu)(tu)膜加(jia)強,然后(hou)再利(li)用涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)的(de)粘度(du),裁剪相應寬(kuan)度(du)的(de)止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)與(yu)(yu)側墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)涂(tu)(tu)膜層(ceng)和(he)底(di)板(ban)(ban)止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)甩(shuai)搓(cuo)部(bu)分粘接(jie);但(dan)切記,此處(chu)底(di)板(ban)(ban)止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)甩(shuai)搓(cuo)部(bu)分上端(duan)的(de)封(feng)閉是較(jiao)為(wei)關鍵的(de)。附加(jia)層(ceng)止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)上端(duan)部(bu)要(yao)被(bei)止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)覆蓋(gai)顯點(dian)水(shui)(shui)形狀,以(yi)防涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)過厚,易脫(tuo)皮。
E、頂板結(jie)構(gou)在(zai)(zai)止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)帶(dai)(dai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)前做蓄水(shui)試驗,結(jie)構(gou)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)基層的表面(mian)突(tu)起物和(he)氣泡孔(kong),在(zai)(zai)涂(tu)膜止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)帶(dai)(dai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)前處理好,止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)帶(dai)(dai)層施(shi)工(gong)(gong)分層報(bao)驗。F、加固模板用的拉桿(gan)(也只有放坡開挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)法才有可能采(cai)用拉桿(gan)固定模板)由老式(shi)的單根外螺桿(gan)換成三節可卸式(shi)螺桿(gan),并在(zai)(zai)中間及兩端各設(she)一止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)環,這樣拆除時既(ji)避免切割損壞結(jie)構(gou)實體,有能有效防止(zhi)(zhi)拉桿(gan)孔(kong)洞滲水(shui)和(he)拉桿(gan)銹蝕。
2、砼(tong)地(di)(di)(di)連墻作(zuo)(zuo)圍(wei)護結構,以(yi)鋼管或鋼筋砼(tong)梁作(zuo)(zuo)圍(wei)護結構的(de)(de)(de)支撐,進(jin)行開(kai)挖的(de)(de)(de)明挖法(fa)(fa)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)(di)鐵車(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)1)、相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)放坡大(da)開(kai)挖法(fa)(fa)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)(di)鐵車(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)來說,其止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)帶施工(gong)(gong)(gong)難度要大(da)一(yi)些,首先面(mian)臨的(de)(de)(de)是地(di)(di)(di)連墻的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong),要保證(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)連墻基(ji)本平順,無大(da)的(de)(de)(de)凹凸不(bu)平,基(ji)本不(bu)滲(shen)水(shui)(shui);關(guan)鍵(jian)在于(yu)地(di)(di)(di)質條(tiao)件和施工(gong)(gong)(gong)經(jing)驗;武漢地(di)(di)(di)鐵地(di)(di)(di)連墻的(de)(de)(de)高度一(yi)般在30~50米(mi)(mi)(mi)左右,地(di)(di)(di)鐵車(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)位于(yu)地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)18米(mi)(mi)(mi)深(shen)(shen)度左右,車(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)寬度一(yi)般20米(mi)(mi)(mi)左右;地(di)(di)(di)連墻所面(mian)臨坍塌、涌砂、淤泥(ni)、沼氣、以(yi)及(ji)(ji)周(zhou)圍(wei)建(jian)構筑物的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)障(zhang)礙(ai):相(xiang)鄰建(jian)筑的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)室基(ji)礎及(ji)(ji)其施工(gong)(gong)(gong)時預(yu)留的(de)(de)(de)未知的(de)(de)(de)障(zhang)礙(ai)等、箱涵(han)、管線(xian)等一(yi)般均在地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)3~18米(mi)(mi)(mi)之間(jian);地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)承壓水(shui)(shui)位于(yu)地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)15米(mi)(mi)(mi)左右、上層潛水(shui)(shui)影響(xiang)一(yi)般為(wei)5~10米(mi)(mi)(mi);一(yi)般均采用(yong)(yong)整體降水(shui)(shui)來保證(zheng)車(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)開(kai)挖的(de)(de)(de)正常施工(gong)(gong)(gong),處(chu)于(yu)安全(quan)起見,車(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)底板(ban)深(shen)(shen)度范圍(wei)內(nei),一(yi)般采用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)攪拌(ban)樁加固處(chu)理(li);相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)而言,若(ruo)地(di)(di)(di)基(ji)處(chu)理(li)不(bu)當(dang),易(yi)造成地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)涌水(shui)(shui)涌沙,對(dui)(dui)(dui)周(zhou)邊有影響(xiang);總體來說各地(di)(di)(di)連墻基(ji)本上做到(dao)了(le)阻(zu)水(shui)(shui)、隔水(shui)(shui)、防(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)滲(shen)漏水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong);但(dan)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)車(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)靠前(qian)道防(fang)線(xian)及(ji)(ji)止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)帶和止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)帶止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)帶基(ji)面(mian),它(ta)有一(yi)些不(bu)足之處(chu)需要處(chu)理(li)。
2)、止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)基(ji)面(mian)(mian)處(chu)(chu)理(li)從目(mu)前已施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)完(wan)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些地連墻(qiang)來(lai)看,其背(bei)水(shui)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)不平之處(chu)(chu)、鋼筋(jin)頭、尖鋭之物較多,需要用多的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)進行(xing)(xing)修補(bu),同時(shi)(shi)在(zai)有(you)支撐之處(chu)(chu)就不能(neng)一(yi)次找平和(he)修補(bu)到位(wei)(wei),為止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)鋪設留下(xia)滲(shen)(shen)水(shui)隱患;目(mu)前相(xiang)當一(yi)些施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)(wei)在(zai)止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)基(ji)面(mian)(mian)處(chu)(chu)里(li)(li)上面(mian)(mian),是(shi)不能(neng)完(wan)全令(ling)人滿意(yi)的(de)(de)(de);也是(shi)一(yi)老大難的(de)(de)(de)問題;對于(yu)止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)基(ji)面(mian)(mian)處(chu)(chu)理(li)這(zhe)道(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)來(lai)說,它(ta)是(shi)一(yi)繁瑣、細(xi)(xi)致又要有(you)技(ji)術和(he)耐心的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝:首(shou)先對裸(luo)露各(ge)種鐵件進行(xing)(xing)去除(chu)和(he)防銹處(chu)(chu)理(li),這(zhe)里(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)防銹是(shi)要求(qiu)將鐵件用聚合物砂(sha)漿(jiang)蓋(gai)住(zhu),而(er)不是(shi)單單去掉(diao)就行(xing)(xing),其次對地連墻(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)缺陷進行(xing)(xing)修補(bu):主(zhu)要包(bao)括:有(you)滲(shen)(shen)水(shui)之處(chu)(chu)應進行(xing)(xing)注漿(jiang),補(bu)縫;凹凸不平處(chu)(chu)削平和(he)用聚合物砂(sha)漿(jiang)填(tian)平;再則用聚合物砂(sha)漿(jiang)找平順(shun)各(ge)處(chu)(chu),達到滿足規(gui)范(fan)規(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關圓(yuan)滑、平順(shun)要求(qiu),并且在(zai)鋪設止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)時(shi)(shi),不被撕(si)裂(lie)下(xia)來(lai);這(zhe)里(li)(li)主(zhu)要有(you)2個原因,其一(yi)是(shi)費(fei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)費(fei)時(shi)(shi),且難以完(wan)全滿意(yi),其二下(xia)一(yi)道(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)是(shi)由止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)隊伍來(lai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong),指望他們能(neng)夠完(wan)成(cheng);因此:止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)基(ji)面(mian)(mian)處(chu)(chu)理(li)是(shi)止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)第二個關鍵(jian),必須有(you)詳細(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)書面(mian)(mian)記錄及(ji)表格,完(wan)整嚴格的(de)(de)(de)交接(jie)驗收之規(gui)定,且應得到有(you)關各(ge)責任方及(ji)監理(li)簽字(zi)認可。
3)、結構側壁的(de)止水帶止水帶的(de)鋪設與保護:
(1)、由(you)于止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水帶(dai)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水帶(dai)鋪(pu)設是(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)綁(bang)扎鋼筋、制模、砼澆筑等交叉進(jin)行,靠前(qian)道鋪(pu)設還好、有足夠的工(gong)作面,但是(shi)(shi)(shi)后續的鋪(pu)設與(yu)修補(bu)基(ji)本(ben)上都是(shi)(shi)(shi)在鋼筋上面進(jin)行,工(gong)作面不足,同(tong)(tong)時(shi)對止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水帶(dai)基(ji)面沒有做好的區域(往(wang)往(wang)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)難以施工(gong)之處(chu)),或(huo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)陰陽角處(chu),且由(you)于施工(gong)進(jin)度或(huo)一(yi)些其它的原因(yin),使(shi)靠前(qian)道止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水帶(dai)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水帶(dai)的施工(gong)和(he)第二道相(xiang)差較長(chang)的時(shi)間,原先已貼好的止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水帶(dai)可能要重貼或(huo)進(jin)行大(da)的修補(bu),而此時(shi)鋼筋已綁(bang)扎好,其工(gong)作難度較大(da),同(tong)(tong)時(shi)其中有些是(shi)(shi)(shi)無法保(bao)證鋪(pu)設質量的死角。
(2)、側墻綁扎鋼(gang)筋與固定(ding)(ding)(ding)模(mo)板(ban)(ban)(ban)對(dui)止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)損傷:由(you)(you)(you)于無(wu)法采用(yong)對(dui)拉螺栓(shuan)來(lai)固定(ding)(ding)(ding)直立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(建議(yi),在可行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況加設(she)改良的(de)(de)(de)(de)2節型的(de)(de)(de)(de)拉結螺栓(shuan),一(yi)端固定(ding)(ding)(ding)在模(mo)板(ban)(ban)(ban)上,另一(yi)端固定(ding)(ding)(ding)在輔(fu)助(zhu)鋼(gang)筋上,將對(dui)拉螺栓(shuan)設(she)成公母型,螺紋長度(du)(du)與可調(diao)節長度(du)(du)均加長,以滿(man)足(zu)模(mo)板(ban)(ban)(ban)調(diao)整的(de)(de)(de)(de)需要,固定(ding)(ding)(ding)在模(mo)板(ban)(ban)(ban)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)螺栓(shuan)可直接取(qu)出),而且(qie)由(you)(you)(you)于制模(mo)面積(ji)大、不(bu)規則,一(yi)般(ban)均采用(yong)木(mu)模(mo)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(可省(sheng)時(shi)(shi)省(sheng)工省(sheng)力,但其周轉(zhuan)次數有限,且(qie)剛(gang)度(du)(du)不(bu)足(zu)),滿(man)堂支(zhi)撐(cheng)固定(ding)(ding)(ding)模(mo)板(ban)(ban)(ban),但要保證模(mo)板(ban)(ban)(ban)與鋼(gang)筋的(de)(de)(de)(de)間(jian)距不(bu)變、或不(bu)使拉結筋與止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)相碰,就(jiu)難以做到;同時(shi)(shi)由(you)(you)(you)于剛(gang)度(du)(du)不(bu)足(zu),特別易(yi)跑模(mo)漏漿,正因為如此,施工人員振(zhen)搗(dao)力度(du)(du)就(jiu)有限,相應砼密(mi)實程(cheng)度(du)(du)難以滿(man)足(zu)要求,同時(shi)(shi)由(you)(you)(you)于拉結筋與止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)碰撞,難免對(dui)止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)有所損傷,極易(yi)造成滲水(shui)(shui)(shui);這也(ye)是現場檢查中各種(zhong)不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)接縫易(yi)滲水(shui)(shui)(shui)原因之一(yi)。
(3)、止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)鋪(pu)設是(shi)一(yi)個細致(zhi)、費工費時(shi)且與周圍環境密切相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)的(de)工序,鋪(pu)設時(shi)的(de)溫度(du)、濕度(du)、灰塵等均有(you)(you)較大的(de)關(guan)(guan)系,已(yi)完(wan)成的(de)這幾個車站的(de)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai),采(cai)用的(de)是(shi)4mm厚(hou)(hou)雙面自(zi)粘(zhan)聚合物改性瀝青止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(貼(tie)(tie)必(bi)定),比較厚(hou)(hou),在陰陽角和凹(ao)凸(tu)處(chu)(chu)不(bu)易(yi)粘(zhan)貼(tie)(tie)密實,雖然采(cai)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥釘(ding)(ding)(ding)加壓片(pian)固定,但若(ruo)射釘(ding)(ding)(ding)過猛,而(er)壓片(pian)未(wei)加緩沖止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)墊,則極易(yi)使(shi)連接處(chu)(chu)的(de)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)受(shou)傷,反之若(ruo)射釘(ding)(ding)(ding)力(li)道(dao)不(bu)足,或水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥釘(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)長度(du)短了、直(zhi)徑過小則難以固定止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai),因(yin)此已(yi)經固定好的(de)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)多有(you)(you)脫落,同時(shi)各車站均是(shi)直(zhi)接鋪(pu)貼(tie)(tie)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai),未(wei)先涂(tu)界(jie)(jie)面劑(這是(shi)因(yin)為,止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)基面本身就粗糙不(bu)平,界(jie)(jie)面劑難以起作用);其結果就是(shi)只要(yao)有(you)(you)一(yi)處(chu)(chu)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)受(shou)損滲水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),則整個止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)失效,到(dao)處(chu)(chu)串水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),極不(bu)易(yi)找出何處(chu)(chu)是(shi)滲水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源。
(4)、止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)防護(hu):止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)鋪(pu)設不(bu)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)就完(wan)全鋪(pu)設到位的(de)(de)(de),而(er)(er)是(shi)(shi)分段(duan)、不(bu)同(tong)高度(du)并(bing)與與綁扎鋼筋、制模、砼澆筑(zhu)(zhu)等(deng)交(jiao)叉進(jin)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de);各工序(xu)的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)叉施(shi)工極易使止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)受損(sun)(sun),雖然止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)有雙層(ceng)薄(bo)模保護(hu),但(dan)薄(bo)模必(bi)須根據工序(xu)的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)展要(yao)求分別于(yu)不(bu)同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間撕(si)(si)去,并(bing)應當按要(yao)求在(zai)預留(liu)搭接(jie)處保留(liu)薄(bo)模;從已(yi)(yi)施(shi)工車站來看,一(yi)(yi)(yi)些止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)薄(bo)膜(mo)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)過早撕(si)(si)去、或(huo)是(shi)(shi)忘記撕(si)(si)掉一(yi)(yi)(yi)同(tong)澆入砼中(zhong),這(zhe)樣(yang)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)過早暴露(lu)在(zai)空氣中(zhong),從而(er)(er)老化變(bian)脆、失去彈性和(he)(he)粘接(jie)性、或(huo)由于(yu)薄(bo)模的(de)(de)(de)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)失去隔水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)性變(bian)成存(cun)(cun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)袋;而(er)(er)施(shi)工中(zhong)所產生的(de)(de)(de)污水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、廢(fei)渣、煙頭等(deng)廢(fei)棄(qi)物,以(yi)及電焊等(deng)都給未防護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)已(yi)(yi)鋪(pu)設好的(de)(de)(de)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)損(sun)(sun)傷;這(zhe)在(zai)車站檢查中(zhong)常(chang)常(chang)可以(yi)看到;止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)防護(hu)關鍵在(zai)于(yu)管理,一(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)嚴格管理制度(du)、二是(shi)(shi)適時(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)行(xing)各層(ceng)次(ci)的(de)(de)(de)培訓,明確各人應當注(zhu)意的(de)(de)(de)事項和(he)(he)遵循(xun)的(de)(de)(de)原則;三(san)是(shi)(shi)嚴格監督,及時(shi)(shi)(shi)修補清理,嚴防受損(sun)(sun)的(de)(de)(de)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)隱患進(jin)入砼中(zhong);四是(shi)(shi)在(zai)澆筑(zhu)(zhu)砼時(shi)(shi)(shi),振搗棒注(zhu)意不(bu)得隨意碰撞鋼筋,嚴禁與止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)相碰。