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1、放(fang)坡大开挖法施工的(de)地铁(tie)车(che)站：一般止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)做法基本是：结构底板、侧壁(bi)采(cai)(cai)用双(shuang)面(mian)（或单(dan)面(mian)）自粘止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)（贴必(bi)定(ding)），侧壁(bi)、顶板采(cai)(cai)用单(dan)组分聚氨酯止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)涂料，这类型地铁(tie)止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)施工易(yi)取得较为满意的(de)止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)效果，单(dan)从止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)施工管理与具体质量(liang)控制来说，此(ci)类型完整的(de)止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)工程(cheng)大致(zhi)如下：

1）、开(kai)挖与(yu)护(hu)坡(po)：一(yi)般土(tu)层开(kai)挖深度在15米左右，不(bu)(bu)(bu)太深；一(yi)般均为了(le)(le)提高地(di)(di)基承载(zai)力和护(hu)坡(po)，设计进行了(le)(le)地(di)(di)基处(chu)理加(jia)固，和护(hu)坡(po)与(yu)放(fang)坡(po)，一(yi)些(xie)情况下(xia)，有(you)可(ke)能受征地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)响(xiang)受征地(di)(di)等因素影(ying)响(xiang)，使之放(fang)坡(po)受限制。或多或少均有(you)可(ke)能受到地(di)(di)下(xia)承压水(shui)(shui)(shui)及(ji)周围环境如(ru)周边的(de)(de)(de)(de)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)系统的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些(xie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)利作用，须(xu)利用适当的(de)(de)(de)(de)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)、降水(shui)(shui)(shui)、土(tu)体动态(tai)监测与(yu)加(jia)固，满足施工(gong)现场的(de)(de)(de)(de)稳(wen)定。对于(yu)开(kai)挖中的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些(xie)良(liang)(liang)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)层（或改(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)）可(ke)作为良(liang)(liang)好(hao)(hao)回填(tian)阻水(shui)(shui)(shui)层，必须(xu)有(you)良(liang)(liang)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)组织回填(tian)土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)顺序，妥善保(bao)(bao)存好(hao)(hao)开(kai)挖预留的(de)(de)(de)(de)回填(tian)土(tu)，以防参入不(bu)(bu)(bu)良(liang)(liang)杂(za)土(tu)，保(bao)(bao)持良(liang)(liang)好(hao)(hao)土(tu)体的(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然状(zhuang)态(tai)，适当的(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)土(tu)层，将回填(tian)隔水(shui)(shui)(shui)层的(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)层的(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量保(bao)(bao)持在较佳含(han)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量、分层（200∽250mm）夯实、土(tu)体密(mi)实系数d不(bu)(bu)(bu)小于(yu)0.91，并(bing)确(que)保(bao)(bao)隔水(shui)(shui)(shui)回填(tian)土(tu)层厚度不(bu)(bu)(bu)小于(yu)500mm。基本(ben)上可(ke)以弥补止水(shui)(shui)(shui)带工(gong)程及(ji)结构本(ben)身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)缺陷。

2）、有序(xu)而良好的(de)组织施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)，即是按(an)照(zhao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)组织设(she)计要求(qiu)严(yan)密的(de)组织各项施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)，确保各道工(gong)(gong)序(xu)有合理的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)周期，如何确定(ding)和保障合理施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)周期，在(zai)实际施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)是很(hen)难做到的(de)；多种原因促(cu)使(shi)相关工(gong)(gong)序(xu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中的(de)相互交叉(cha)、占(zhan)用、拖(tuo)延，或由于意外的(de)情况使(shi)之不足或延误；

3）、相(xiang)(xiang)对(dui)各施(shi)工(gong)(gong)单位(wei)和(he)(he)监理(li)来说，对(dui)将进行(xing)的(de)止(zhi)水带施(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)艺，要(yao)(yao)有(you)一(yi)个完整止(zhi)水带施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方案和(he)(he)止(zhi)水带施(shi)工(gong)(gong)组织设计，并(bing)进行(xing)严格的(de)培训：至少要(yao)(yao)对(dui)止(zhi)水带材料及(ji)其施(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)艺的(de)验收、检验标(biao)准有(you)一(yi)个完整的(de)概念(nian)和(he)(he)明示；同时对(dui)止(zhi)水带施(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)艺所要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)环境(jing)、相(xiang)(xiang)互的(de)配合有(you)严格的(de)规定；并(bing)进行(xing)工(gong)(gong)序(xu)之间的(de)书面交接；相(xiang)(xiang)关人员及(ji)监理(li)签字(zi)负责；

4）、后续工序对橡胶止水带完善的(de)保护(hu)，这(zhei)一点(dian)尤为(wei)重要；特(te)别是在砼浇(jiao)筑时(shi)和浇(jiao)筑后，要及时(shi)检查、防损坏撕裂、修补、维护(hu)及防老化处(chu)理等确保止水带工(gong)程整体性；必须有一个完整的(de)书面记录和得到监理签字认证。

5）、对(dui)于(yu)开挖放(fang)坡施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)法(fa)来说，各项(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)质量的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作条件相对(dui)其它工(gong)(gong)(gong)法(fa)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)来说要(yao)好(hao)得多；同时可以针对(dui)常见的(de)地下工(gong)(gong)(gong)程渗漏(lou)水的(de)特(te)点，有(you)目(mu)的(de)的(de)加强，这(zhei)里主要(yao)做的(de)是：

A、地下结构止(zhi)水(shui)带(dai)质量关键(jian)在(zai)于混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)的(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)质量。合理(li)的(de)(de)选择(ze)混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)配合比，以(yi)满足止(zhi)水(shui)带(dai)砼(tong)的(de)(de)需要，在(zai)混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)中掺优质粉煤灰(hui)(hui)和(he)高效减(jian)水(shui)剂，降低(di)水(shui)泥(ni)用量，减(jian)少(shao)水(shui)灰(hui)(hui)比，这样可以(yi)降低(di)水(shui)化热，降低(di)了混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)初期开(kai)裂(lie)的(de)(de)机率(lv)。在(zai)混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)施工(gong)(gong)前对(dui)振捣工(gong)(gong)进行专项交底(di)，制(zhi)定奖惩措施，加强振捣工(gong)(gong)人责任感，对(dui)混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)结构的(de)(de)浇筑采(cai)用了分层、分段浇捣，确保混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)浇注的(de)(de)密(mi)实性。混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)浇注完成，通过建立养护(hu)专项台帐，采(cai)取覆盖或蓄水(shui)等措施控制(zhi)混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)内外温差(cha)不(bu)超过20℃，养护(hu)时间不(bu)少(shao)于14天。

B、仔细(xi)认真(zhen)处(chu)理好(hao)相关砼(tong)施(shi)工缝(feng)A）、在施(shi)工缝(feng)的衔(xian)接处(chu)理上除(chu)浇(jiao)筑(zhu)前凿毛清理外，还应涂刷(shua)砼(tong)界面剂，这样能有效(xiao)的与后续浇(jiao)注(zhu)的混凝土紧密结(jie)合。

B）、变形缝的处理，除按规范安装遇水膨胀橡胶止水带外，还在其(qi)外露部分浇(jiao)灌(guan)聚氨脂密封膏及双层止水带加强处理(li)，另再做72小(xiao)时蓄(xu)水试验，不(bu)渗(shen)漏后，才予以(yi)隐蔽；C）、止水带处的砼(tong)浇(jiao)筑：应按设计要求顶(ding)板、底板的中(zhong)置式(shi)止水板向上翘150~200，以(yi)利于砼(tong)浇(jiao)筑，如遇特殊(shu)无法完(wan)全振捣(dao)密实砼(tong)，应另加设注浆管，或局部开孔再补焊；

C、侧墙、顶板在做止(zhi)水(shui)带(dai)封闭之前，应严格、仔细检查各处(chu)砼面层缺陷情况，作好记(ji)录(lu)、进行修(xiu)补，各相关责(ze)任(ren)人及监理(li)签字(zi)验收。

D、阴(yin)阳角的(de)(de)处理(li)：阴(yin)角的(de)(de)做(zuo)法(fa)（此处侧(ce)壁止水(shui)(shui)带为单组份聚(ju)氨酯止水(shui)(shui)带涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)2.5mm厚）按规范是将底(di)(di)板(ban)止水(shui)(shui)带甩(shuai)槎部(bu)(bu)分(fen)粘(zhan)贴(tie)在(zai)侧(ce)墙(qiang)上(shang)(shang)，再由(you)侧(ce)墙(qiang)聚(ju)氨脂(zhi)止水(shui)(shui)带涂(tu)(tu)膜(mo)覆(fu)盖密封，在(zai)实(shi)际(ji)施工中这样做(zuo)存在(zai)质量隐患。（止水(shui)(shui)带较(jiao)厚，不能与侧(ce)墙(qiang)直行有效(xiao)粘(zhan)贴(tie)），可以(yi)将聚(ju)氨脂(zhi)涂(tu)(tu)膜(mo)一次性做(zuo)到底(di)(di)部(bu)(bu)，并(bing)在(zai)底(di)(di)部(bu)(bu)往上(shang)(shang)50cm做(zuo)双层涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)涂(tu)(tu)膜(mo)加强，然后再利用涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)的(de)(de)粘(zhan)度(du)，裁剪(jian)相(xiang)应(ying)宽度(du)的(de)(de)止水(shui)(shui)带与侧(ce)墙(qiang)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)涂(tu)(tu)膜(mo)层和底(di)(di)板(ban)止水(shui)(shui)带甩(shuai)搓部(bu)(bu)分(fen)粘(zhan)接(jie)；但切记，此处底(di)(di)板(ban)止水(shui)(shui)带甩(shuai)搓部(bu)(bu)分(fen)上(shang)(shang)端的(de)(de)封闭是较(jiao)为关键的(de)(de)。附加层止水(shui)(shui)带上(shang)(shang)端部(bu)(bu)要被止水(shui)(shui)带涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)覆(fu)盖显点水(shui)(shui)形状，以(yi)防涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)过(guo)厚，易脱(tuo)皮(pi)。

E、顶板(ban)(ban)结构(gou)在(zai)止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)前做蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)试验，结构(gou)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)基层(ceng)的表面突起物和气泡孔，在(zai)涂膜止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)前处理好，止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)层(ceng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)分层(ceng)报验。F、加(jia)固(gu)模(mo)板(ban)(ban)用(yong)(yong)的拉(la)杆(gan)(gan)（也只有(you)放坡开(kai)挖工(gong)法才有(you)可(ke)能(neng)采用(yong)(yong)拉(la)杆(gan)(gan)固(gu)定模(mo)板(ban)(ban)）由老式的单(dan)根外螺杆(gan)(gan)换(huan)成三节可(ke)卸式螺杆(gan)(gan)，并在(zai)中间及两端各设一止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)环，这(zhei)样(yang)拆除(chu)时(shi)既避免切割损坏(huai)结构(gou)实体，有(you)能(neng)有(you)效防止(zhi)(zhi)拉(la)杆(gan)(gan)孔洞渗(shen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和拉(la)杆(gan)(gan)锈(xiu)蚀(shi)。

2、砼地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)连墙作(zuo)围(wei)(wei)护结构(gou)，以钢管或钢筋砼梁作(zuo)围(wei)(wei)护结构(gou)的(de)支撑，进行开挖(wa)的(de)明挖(wa)法施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)铁(tie)车(che)(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)1）、相(xiang)(xiang)对放(fang)坡大(da)(da)开挖(wa)法施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)铁(tie)车(che)(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)来(lai)说(shuo)(shuo)，其止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)带施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)难度(du)要(yao)大(da)(da)一些，首先面临的(de)是地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)连墙的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)，要(yao)保证地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)连墙基(ji)(ji)本(ben)平顺，无大(da)(da)的(de)凹凸不平，基(ji)(ji)本(ben)不渗水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)；关键在于(yu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)质条件和(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)经验；武汉地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)铁(tie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)连墙的(de)高度(du)一般在30~50米(mi)左右，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)铁(tie)车(che)(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)板位(wei)于(yu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)18米(mi)深度(du)左右，车(che)(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)宽度(du)一般20米(mi)左右；地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)连墙所面临坍塌(ta)、涌(yong)砂、淤泥、沼气、以及(ji)周围(wei)(wei)建构(gou)筑(zhu)物(wu)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)障碍：相(xiang)(xiang)邻建筑(zhu)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)室基(ji)(ji)础(chu)及(ji)其施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)时预留的(de)未(wei)知(zhi)的(de)障碍等、箱涵(han)、管线等一般均(jun)在地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)3~18米(mi)之(zhi)间(jian)；地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)承压水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)于(yu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)15米(mi)左右、上层潜水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)影(ying)响(xiang)一般为(wei)5~10米(mi)；一般均(jun)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)整体降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)来(lai)保证车(che)(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)开挖(wa)的(de)正常施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)，处(chu)于(yu)安全(quan)起见，车(che)(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)底(di)板深度(du)范围(wei)(wei)内，一般采(cai)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥搅拌桩加固处(chu)理(li)；相(xiang)(xiang)对而言，若地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)基(ji)(ji)处(chu)理(li)不当，易(yi)造(zao)成地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)涌(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)涌(yong)沙(sha)，对周边有影(ying)响(xiang)；总体来(lai)说(shuo)(shuo)各(ge)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)连墙基(ji)(ji)本(ben)上做到了阻水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、隔(ge)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、防止(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)的(de)渗漏水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)；但作(zuo)为(wei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)车(che)(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)靠前道防线及(ji)止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)带和(he)(he)止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)带止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)带基(ji)(ji)面，它有一些不足之(zhi)处(chu)需要(yao)处(chu)理(li)。

2）、止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)基(ji)面(mian)(mian)处(chu)(chu)理从目(mu)前已施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)完(wan)的(de)一(yi)些地连墙(qiang)来看(kan)，其(qi)(qi)背水(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)的(de)不(bu)平之处(chu)(chu)、钢筋头、尖鋭之物较(jiao)多，需要(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)多的(de)时(shi)间进行修补，同(tong)时(shi)在有(you)(you)(you)支撑(cheng)之处(chu)(chu)就不(bu)能(neng)一(yi)次找平和修补到(dao)位，为止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)铺设留下(xia)渗(shen)(shen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)隐患；目(mu)前相(xiang)当一(yi)些施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)单(dan)(dan)位在止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)基(ji)面(mian)(mian)处(chu)(chu)里(li)上面(mian)(mian)，是(shi)不(bu)能(neng)完(wan)全(quan)令人满意的(de)；也是(shi)一(yi)老大(da)难(nan)的(de)问题；对于止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)基(ji)面(mian)(mian)处(chu)(chu)理这(zhei)道(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)来说，它(ta)是(shi)一(yi)繁(fan)琐、细致又要(yao)有(you)(you)(you)技术和耐心的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)艺：首先对裸露各种铁件(jian)(jian)进行去除和防(fang)锈处(chu)(chu)理，这(zhei)里(li)的(de)防(fang)锈是(shi)要(yao)求(qiu)将铁件(jian)(jian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)聚合物砂浆盖(gai)住，而不(bu)是(shi)单(dan)(dan)单(dan)(dan)去掉就行，其(qi)(qi)次对地连墙(qiang)的(de)缺陷进行修补：主要(yao)包括(kuo)：有(you)(you)(you)渗(shen)(shen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)之处(chu)(chu)应(ying)进行注浆，补缝；凹(ao)凸(tu)不(bu)平处(chu)(chu)削(xue)平和用(yong)(yong)(yong)聚合物砂浆填平；再则用(yong)(yong)(yong)聚合物砂浆找平顺各处(chu)(chu)，达到(dao)满足规(gui)范(fan)规(gui)定的(de)相(xiang)关圆滑(hua)、平顺要(yao)求(qiu)，并且(qie)在铺设止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)时(shi)，不(bu)被撕(si)裂下(xia)来；这(zhei)里(li)主要(yao)有(you)(you)(you)2个(ge)原因(yin)，其(qi)(qi)一(yi)是(shi)费工(gong)(gong)(gong)费时(shi)，且(qie)难(nan)以(yi)完(wan)全(quan)满意，其(qi)(qi)二(er)下(xia)一(yi)道(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)是(shi)由(you)止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)队伍(wu)来施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，指望他们能(neng)够完(wan)成；因(yin)此：止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)基(ji)面(mian)(mian)处(chu)(chu)理是(shi)止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)第二(er)个(ge)关键，必须有(you)(you)(you)详细的(de)书面(mian)(mian)记(ji)录及(ji)表格(ge)(ge)，完(wan)整严格(ge)(ge)的(de)交接验收之规(gui)定，且(qie)应(ying)得到(dao)有(you)(you)(you)关各责任方(fang)及(ji)监(jian)理签字认可(ke)。

3）、结构(gou)侧壁的止水(shui)带止水(shui)带的铺设与保护：

（1）、由于(yu)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)带(dai)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)带(dai)铺(pu)(pu)设是与(yu)绑扎(zha)钢筋、制模、砼浇筑(zhu)等交叉(cha)进(jin)行(xing)，靠(kao)前(qian)道铺(pu)(pu)设还好(hao)、有(you)足够的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作面，但是后续的(de)铺(pu)(pu)设与(yu)修补基(ji)本上(shang)都是在钢筋上(shang)面进(jin)行(xing)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)作面不足，同(tong)时对止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)带(dai)基(ji)面没有(you)做好(hao)的(de)区域（往(wang)往(wang)也是难以施工(gong)(gong)(gong)之处(chu)），或(huo)是阴阳角处(chu)，且由于(yu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)进(jin)度或(huo)一些(xie)其(qi)它的(de)原因，使靠(kao)前(qian)道止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)带(dai)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)带(dai)的(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)和第二道相差较长(zhang)的(de)时间，原先已贴(tie)好(hao)的(de)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)带(dai)可能要(yao)重贴(tie)或(huo)进(jin)行(xing)大的(de)修补，而此时钢筋已绑扎(zha)好(hao)，其(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作难度较大，同(tong)时其(qi)中有(you)些(xie)是无法保(bao)证铺(pu)(pu)设质(zhi)量的(de)死(si)角。

（2）、侧墙绑扎钢筋(jin)与固(gu)定(ding)(ding)模(mo)板(ban)(ban)对止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)带(dai)止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)带(dai)损(sun)伤：由于(yu)无(wu)法采(cai)用对拉(la)螺(luo)栓(shuan)来(lai)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)直立(li)的(de)(de)模(mo)板(ban)(ban)（建议，在可行的(de)(de)情况加设改良的(de)(de)2节型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)拉(la)结螺(luo)栓(shuan)，一(yi)(yi)端固(gu)定(ding)(ding)在模(mo)板(ban)(ban)上，另一(yi)(yi)端固(gu)定(ding)(ding)在辅助钢筋(jin)上，将(jiang)对拉(la)螺(luo)栓(shuan)设成公母型(xing)(xing)，螺(luo)纹长(zhang)(zhang)度(du)与可调节长(zhang)(zhang)度(du)均加长(zhang)(zhang)，以(yi)满足模(mo)板(ban)(ban)调整的(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)，固(gu)定(ding)(ding)在模(mo)板(ban)(ban)上的(de)(de)螺(luo)栓(shuan)可直接(jie)取出），而且(qie)(qie)由于(yu)制模(mo)面积(ji)大、不(bu)(bu)规则，一(yi)(yi)般均采(cai)用木模(mo)板(ban)(ban)（可省(sheng)时(shi)(shi)省(sheng)工(gong)(gong)省(sheng)力(li)，但(dan)其周转次数(shu)有(you)限(xian)，且(qie)(qie)刚(gang)度(du)不(bu)(bu)足），满堂支(zhi)撑(cheng)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)模(mo)板(ban)(ban)，但(dan)要(yao)(yao)保证(zheng)模(mo)板(ban)(ban)与钢筋(jin)的(de)(de)间距不(bu)(bu)变、或不(bu)(bu)使(shi)拉(la)结筋(jin)与止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)带(dai)止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)带(dai)相碰,就难(nan)以(yi)做到;同时(shi)(shi)由于(yu)刚(gang)度(du)不(bu)(bu)足,特别易跑模(mo)漏浆,正因(yin)为如此,施工(gong)(gong)人(ren)员振捣(dao)力(li)度(du)就有(you)限(xian),相应砼密(mi)实(shi)程度(du)难(nan)以(yi)满足要(yao)(yao)求,同时(shi)(shi)由于(yu)拉(la)结筋(jin)与止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)带(dai)止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)带(dai)碰撞,难(nan)免对止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)带(dai)有(you)所损(sun)伤,极易造成渗(shen)水(shui)(shui);这(zhei)也是现场(chang)检查中各种不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)接(jie)缝(feng)易渗(shen)水(shui)(shui)原(yuan)因(yin)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。

（3）、止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)铺设是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)个细致、费(fei)工费(fei)时且与周围(wei)环境密切相关的工序(xu)，铺设时的温度、湿度、灰尘等均有(you)较大的关系，已完成的这几个车站的止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)的是(shi)(shi)(shi)4mm厚双面(mian)自粘聚(ju)合物改性沥青(qing)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)（贴(tie)(tie)必定(ding)），比较厚，在阴阳角(jiao)和(he)凹凸处(chu)不(bu)易粘贴(tie)(tie)密实，虽然采(cai)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)(ni)钉(ding)(ding)加压片固(gu)定(ding)，但若(ruo)射钉(ding)(ding)过猛，而压片未加缓冲止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)垫，则极(ji)易使(shi)连接(jie)处(chu)的止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)受(shou)伤，反之若(ruo)射钉(ding)(ding)力(li)道(dao)不(bu)足，或水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)(ni)钉(ding)(ding)的长度短(duan)了、直径过小(xiao)则难以(yi)固(gu)定(ding)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)，因(yin)(yin)此已经(jing)固(gu)定(ding)好的止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)多有(you)脱落(luo)，同时各车站均是(shi)(shi)(shi)直接(jie)铺贴(tie)(tie)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)，未先涂界面(mian)剂（这是(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)(yin)为，止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)基面(mian)本身就粗糙(cao)不(bu)平，界面(mian)剂难以(yi)起作用(yong)(yong)）；其结果就是(shi)(shi)(shi)只(zhi)要(yao)有(you)一(yi)处(chu)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)受(shou)损渗水(shui)(shui)(shui)，则整个止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)失效，到处(chu)串水(shui)(shui)(shui)，极(ji)不(bu)易找出何处(chu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)渗水(shui)(shui)(shui)源。

（4）、止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的防护(hu)：止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的铺设(she)不(bu)是一(yi)(yi)次(ci)就完全铺设(she)到(dao)位的，而(er)是分(fen)段(duan)、不(bu)同高度(du)并与(yu)(yu)与(yu)(yu)绑扎钢筋、制模(mo)、砼浇(jiao)筑等交(jiao)叉(cha)进(jin)行的；各(ge)工序的交(jiao)叉(cha)施工极易使止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)受(shou)损，虽然止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)有(you)双层薄(bo)模(mo)保(bao)护(hu)，但薄(bo)模(mo)必须根(gen)据工序的进(jin)展要求(qiu)分(fen)别(bie)于不(bu)同时间撕(si)去，并应当按(an)要求(qiu)在(zai)预留搭接处保(bao)留薄(bo)模(mo)；从已施工车站来看(kan)，一(yi)(yi)些(xie)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的薄(bo)膜不(bu)是过早撕(si)去、或(huo)是忘记撕(si)掉(diao)一(yi)(yi)同浇(jiao)入(ru)砼中(zhong)，这样(yang)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)过早暴露在(zai)空气中(zhong)，从而(er)老化变(bian)脆(cui)、失去弹性(xing)和粘接性(xing)、或(huo)由于薄(bo)模(mo)的存(cun)在(zai)失去隔水(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)变(bian)成存(cun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)袋；而(er)施工中(zhong)所产生的污水(shui)(shui)(shui)、废渣、烟头等废弃物，以及(ji)电焊等都给未防护(hu)的已铺设(she)好的止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)一(yi)(yi)定的损伤；这在(zai)车站检查中(zhong)常常可以看(kan)到(dao)；止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的防护(hu)关键在(zai)于管理(li)(li)，一(yi)(yi)是严格管理(li)(li)制度(du)、二是适时进(jin)行各(ge)层次(ci)的培训，明确各(ge)人应当注意(yi)的事项和遵循(xun)的原则；三是严格监督，及(ji)时修补(bu)清理(li)(li)，严防受(shou)损的止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的隐患进(jin)入(ru)砼中(zhong)；四是在(zai)浇(jiao)筑砼时，振捣棒注意(yi)不(bu)得随意(yi)碰(peng)撞(zhuang)钢筋，严禁与(yu)(yu)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)相碰(peng)。