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地铁、隧道止水带(dai)

地铁、隧道止水带
赣州地铁、隧道止水带
所属分类:橡胶止水带系列
发布日期:2019-4-17
浏览:次
咨询电话:15383388181

1、放坡大(da)开挖法施(shi)工(gong)的(de)地(di)铁车站:一般止水(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)做法基本是:结构底(di)板(ban)(ban)、侧(ce)壁采用双面(或单(dan)面)自粘止水(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)止水(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(贴必定),侧(ce)壁、顶板(ban)(ban)采用单(dan)组分(fen)聚氨酯(zhi)止水(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)涂料(liao),这类型地(di)铁止水(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)施(shi)工(gong)易(yi)取(qu)得较为满意的(de)止水(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)效果(guo),单(dan)从止水(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)施(shi)工(gong)管理与具体质(zhi)量控制来说,此(ci)类型完整(zheng)的(de)止水(shui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)工(gong)程大(da)致如下:

1)、开(kai)(kai)挖(wa)与护(hu)坡:一(yi)般土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)开(kai)(kai)挖(wa)深(shen)度(du)在(zai)15米左右,不太深(shen);一(yi)般均为(wei)了提(ti)高地(di)基(ji)承(cheng)载力和护(hu)坡,设计进行了地(di)基(ji)处理加固,和护(hu)坡与放坡,一(yi)些情况下,有(you)可(ke)(ke)能受(shou)(shou)征地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)响(xiang)(xiang)受(shou)(shou)征地(di)等因素影(ying)响(xiang)(xiang),使之放坡受(shou)(shou)限制。或(huo)多(duo)或(huo)少(shao)均有(you)可(ke)(ke)能受(shou)(shou)到地(di)下承(cheng)压水(shui)(shui)(shui)及周(zhou)围环(huan)境如周(zhou)边的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)系统(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些不利(li)(li)作(zuo)用,须利(li)(li)用适当的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)、降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)体(ti)动态(tai)监测与加固,满足施(shi)工(gong)现场的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稳定。对于开(kai)(kai)挖(wa)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些良(liang)(liang)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(或(huo)改良(liang)(liang))可(ke)(ke)作(zuo)为(wei)良(liang)(liang)好(hao)(hao)回(hui)填(tian)阻水(shui)(shui)(shui)层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),必须有(you)良(liang)(liang)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)组织(zhi)回(hui)填(tian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顺序,妥(tuo)善保存好(hao)(hao)开(kai)(kai)挖(wa)预留(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)回(hui)填(tian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),以防(fang)参入不良(liang)(liang)杂(za)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),保持(chi)良(liang)(liang)好(hao)(hao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)体(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然状态(tai),适当的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改良(liang)(liang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),将(jiang)回(hui)填(tian)隔(ge)水(shui)(shui)(shui)层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量保持(chi)在(zai)较(jiao)佳含(han)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量、分层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(200∽250mm)夯实、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)体(ti)密实系数d不小于0.91,并确保隔(ge)水(shui)(shui)(shui)回(hui)填(tian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)厚(hou)度(du)不小于500mm。基(ji)本上可(ke)(ke)以弥补止水(shui)(shui)(shui)带工(gong)程及结构本身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)缺(que)陷。

2)、有序而良好(hao)的(de)组织施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),即是按(an)照施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)组织设计要求严(yan)密的(de)组织各(ge)项(xiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),确保(bao)各(ge)道工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序有合(he)理的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)周期,如何确定和保(bao)障合(he)理施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)周期,在(zai)实(shi)际施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是很难做到(dao)的(de);多(duo)种原(yuan)因促使相关工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中的(de)相互交叉(cha)、占用、拖延(yan),或由于意外的(de)情况使之(zhi)不足或延(yan)误;

3)、相对各施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)单位和(he)(he)监(jian)理(li)来(lai)说,对将进行(xing)的(de)(de)止(zhi)水(shui)带(dai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)艺,要有一个(ge)完(wan)整止(zhi)水(shui)带(dai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方案和(he)(he)止(zhi)水(shui)带(dai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)组织设(she)计(ji),并(bing)进行(xing)严(yan)格(ge)的(de)(de)培训:至少要对止(zhi)水(shui)带(dai)材料(liao)及其(qi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)艺的(de)(de)验收(shou)、检(jian)验标准有一个(ge)完(wan)整的(de)(de)概念和(he)(he)明示(shi);同(tong)时对止(zhi)水(shui)带(dai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)艺所要求的(de)(de)环境、相互的(de)(de)配(pei)合有严(yan)格(ge)的(de)(de)规定;并(bing)进行(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)之间的(de)(de)书面(mian)交(jiao)接;相关人员及监(jian)理(li)签字负(fu)责(ze);

4)、后续工序对橡胶止水带完善的保护,这一点尤为(wei)重要(yao);特别是在砼(tong)浇筑时和(he)浇筑后,要(yao)及(ji)时检查、防(fang)损坏撕裂(lie)、修补(bu)、维护及(ji)防(fang)老化处理(li)等(deng)确保止水带工程整体性;必须(xu)有一个(ge)完整的书面记录(lu)和(he)得到监理(li)签字认证(zheng)。

5)、对于开挖放坡施工(gong)工(gong)法来(lai)说,各项(xiang)工(gong)序施工(gong)的质量的工(gong)作条件相对其它工(gong)法施工(gong)来(lai)说要好得多;同(tong)时可以针对常(chang)见(jian)的地下工(gong)程渗漏水的特点,有目的的加强(qiang),这里主要做(zuo)的是(shi):

A、地下结构止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带质(zhi)量关键在于(yu)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)的(de)施(shi)工质(zhi)量。合(he)理的(de)选择混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)配合(he)比,以满(man)足止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带砼的(de)需要,在混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)中掺优质(zhi)粉(fen)煤灰(hui)和高效减(jian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)剂(ji),降(jiang)(jiang)低水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)用(yong)量,减(jian)少水(shui)(shui)(shui)灰(hui)比,这样可以降(jiang)(jiang)低水(shui)(shui)(shui)化热,降(jiang)(jiang)低了混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)初期开裂的(de)机(ji)率。在混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)施(shi)工前对振捣工进行专项(xiang)交底(di),制定(ding)奖惩措施(shi),加强(qiang)振捣工人责任感(gan),对混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)结构的(de)浇筑采用(yong)了分层(ceng)、分段浇捣,确保混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)浇注的(de)密实(shi)性。混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)浇注完成,通(tong)过(guo)建立养护专项(xiang)台(tai)帐,采取覆盖或(huo)蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)等措施(shi)控制混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)内(nei)外温差不超过(guo)20℃,养护时间(jian)不少于(yu)14天(tian)。

B、仔细(xi)认真处(chu)理好相关砼(tong)(tong)施工(gong)缝(feng)(feng)A)、在(zai)施工(gong)缝(feng)(feng)的衔接(jie)处(chu)理上(shang)除浇筑前凿毛清理外,还应涂刷(shua)砼(tong)(tong)界面剂,这(zhei)样(yang)能有效的与后续浇注的混凝土(tu)紧密结合。

B)、变形缝的处理,除按规范安装遇水膨胀橡胶止水带外(wai)(wai),还在其外(wai)(wai)露部分浇灌聚氨脂密封膏及(ji)双层止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)加(jia)强(qiang)处(chu)理,另(ling)再(zai)做(zuo)72小时蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)试验,不渗漏(lou)后,才予(yu)以隐蔽;C)、止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)处(chu)的砼(tong)浇筑:应按设计要求顶板(ban)、底板(ban)的中置(zhi)式(shi)止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)板(ban)向上(shang)翘150~200,以利(li)于砼(tong)浇筑,如遇(yu)特殊无法完全振捣密实砼(tong),应另(ling)加(jia)设注浆管,或局(ju)部开孔再(zai)补焊(han);

C、侧墙、顶板在做止水带(dai)封闭之前(qian),应严格、仔(zi)细检查各处砼面层缺陷情(qing)况,作好记录(lu)、进行修补(bu),各相关责任人及(ji)监理签字(zi)验收。

D、阴阳角的(de)处(chu)理:阴角的(de)做(zuo)法(此(ci)处(chu)侧(ce)壁止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)为(wei)单组(zu)份聚(ju)氨酯止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)2.5mm厚)按(an)规范是将底(di)(di)板止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)甩(shuai)(shuai)槎部(bu)分(fen)粘贴在(zai)侧(ce)墙(qiang)(qiang)上(shang)(shang)(shang),再由侧(ce)墙(qiang)(qiang)聚(ju)氨脂(zhi)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)覆(fu)盖密封(feng),在(zai)实际施工中这(zhei)样做(zuo)存在(zai)质量隐患。(止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)较(jiao)厚,不(bu)能与侧(ce)墙(qiang)(qiang)直行有(you)效(xiao)粘贴),可以(yi)将聚(ju)氨脂(zhi)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)一次性做(zuo)到底(di)(di)部(bu),并在(zai)底(di)(di)部(bu)往上(shang)(shang)(shang)50cm做(zuo)双层涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)加(jia)强(qiang),然后再利用涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)的(de)粘度(du),裁剪相应宽度(du)的(de)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)与侧(ce)墙(qiang)(qiang)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)层和底(di)(di)板止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)甩(shuai)(shuai)搓(cuo)(cuo)部(bu)分(fen)粘接;但(dan)切记,此(ci)处(chu)底(di)(di)板止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)甩(shuai)(shuai)搓(cuo)(cuo)部(bu)分(fen)上(shang)(shang)(shang)端的(de)封(feng)闭是较(jiao)为(wei)关(guan)键的(de)。附加(jia)层止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)端部(bu)要被止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)覆(fu)盖显(xian)点水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)形状(zhuang),以(yi)防涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)过厚,易脱皮。

E、顶板(ban)结构在(zai)止(zhi)水带施工(gong)(gong)(gong)前做蓄(xu)水试(shi)验,结构施工(gong)(gong)(gong)基层(ceng)的(de)表面突起物和(he)(he)气泡孔,在(zai)涂膜止(zhi)水带施工(gong)(gong)(gong)前处理好,止(zhi)水带层(ceng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)分(fen)层(ceng)报验。F、加固(gu)模板(ban)用的(de)拉(la)(la)杆(gan)(也只有(you)放坡开挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)法(fa)才有(you)可能采用拉(la)(la)杆(gan)固(gu)定(ding)模板(ban))由老式的(de)单根外螺杆(gan)换(huan)成三节可卸式螺杆(gan),并在(zai)中间及两(liang)端各(ge)设一(yi)止(zhi)水环,这样(yang)拆除时既避免切割损坏结构实体(ti),有(you)能有(you)效防止(zhi)拉(la)(la)杆(gan)孔洞(dong)渗水和(he)(he)拉(la)(la)杆(gan)锈蚀。

2、砼地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)连(lian)(lian)墙作围(wei)护(hu)结(jie)构,以(yi)钢管或钢筋(jin)砼梁作围(wei)护(hu)结(jie)构的(de)(de)支撑(cheng),进行开(kai)挖的(de)(de)明挖法(fa)施(shi)工(gong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)铁(tie)车站(zhan)1)、相(xiang)(xiang)对(dui)放坡大(da)开(kai)挖法(fa)施(shi)工(gong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)铁(tie)车站(zhan)来(lai)说,其止水(shui)带(dai)施(shi)工(gong)难度(du)要大(da)一(yi)(yi)些,首先面(mian)临的(de)(de)是地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)连(lian)(lian)墙的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong),要保证地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)连(lian)(lian)墙基本平顺,无大(da)的(de)(de)凹凸不平,基本不渗(shen)水(shui);关(guan)键(jian)在于(yu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)质条(tiao)件和施(shi)工(gong)经验;武汉地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)铁(tie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)连(lian)(lian)墙的(de)(de)高(gao)度(du)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)在30~50米(mi)(mi)左右(you),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)铁(tie)车站(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)板位于(yu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)18米(mi)(mi)深度(du)左右(you),车站(zhan)宽(kuan)度(du)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)20米(mi)(mi)左右(you);地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)连(lian)(lian)墙所面(mian)临坍塌、涌砂、淤泥(ni)、沼气、以(yi)及周围(wei)建构筑物(wu)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)障碍(ai):相(xiang)(xiang)邻(lin)建筑的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)室基础及其施(shi)工(gong)时预留的(de)(de)未知的(de)(de)障碍(ai)等(deng)、箱涵、管线等(deng)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)均在地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)3~18米(mi)(mi)之(zhi)间(jian);地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)承压水(shui)位于(yu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)15米(mi)(mi)左右(you)、上层潜(qian)水(shui)影响(xiang)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)为5~10米(mi)(mi);一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)均采(cai)用(yong)整体降水(shui)来(lai)保证车站(zhan)开(kai)挖的(de)(de)正常施(shi)工(gong),处(chu)(chu)于(yu)安全起见,车站(zhan)底板深度(du)范围(wei)内,一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)采(cai)用(yong)水(shui)泥(ni)搅拌桩加(jia)固(gu)处(chu)(chu)理;相(xiang)(xiang)对(dui)而言,若地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)基处(chu)(chu)理不当,易造成地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)涌水(shui)涌沙,对(dui)周边有影响(xiang);总(zong)体来(lai)说各地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)连(lian)(lian)墙基本上做(zuo)到(dao)了(le)阻水(shui)、隔水(shui)、防止大(da)的(de)(de)渗(shen)漏水(shui)的(de)(de)作用(yong);但作为地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)车站(zhan)的(de)(de)靠前道(dao)防线及止水(shui)带(dai)和止水(shui)带(dai)止水(shui)带(dai)基面(mian),它有一(yi)(yi)些不足之(zhi)处(chu)(chu)需要处(chu)(chu)理。

2)、止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)带基(ji)面(mian)(mian)处(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)从目前已施工(gong)完的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)地(di)连墙来看,其(qi)背水(shui)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)不平之处(chu)(chu)、钢(gang)筋头、尖鋭之物(wu)(wu)较(jiao)多,需要用(yong)多的(de)(de)时(shi)间进(jin)行(xing)修(xiu)(xiu)补(bu),同时(shi)在有(you)支撑之处(chu)(chu)就不能(neng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次找(zhao)平和(he)修(xiu)(xiu)补(bu)到(dao)位(wei),为止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)带止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)带铺设(she)留下渗水(shui)隐患;目前相(xiang)当一(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)施工(gong)单(dan)位(wei)在止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)带基(ji)面(mian)(mian)处(chu)(chu)里(li)上面(mian)(mian),是(shi)不能(neng)完全(quan)令人满意的(de)(de);也是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)老(lao)大难(nan)(nan)的(de)(de)问题;对(dui)于止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)带基(ji)面(mian)(mian)处(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)这(zhei)道(dao)工(gong)序来说,它是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)繁琐、细致又(you)要有(you)技术和(he)耐(nai)心的(de)(de)施工(gong)工(gong)艺:首先对(dui)裸露(lu)各种铁件进(jin)行(xing)去除和(he)防锈处(chu)(chu)理(li)(li),这(zhei)里(li)的(de)(de)防锈是(shi)要求(qiu)将铁件用(yong)聚合物(wu)(wu)砂浆(jiang)盖住(zhu),而不是(shi)单(dan)单(dan)去掉就行(xing),其(qi)次对(dui)地(di)连墙的(de)(de)缺陷进(jin)行(xing)修(xiu)(xiu)补(bu):主(zhu)要包(bao)括:有(you)渗水(shui)之处(chu)(chu)应进(jin)行(xing)注浆(jiang),补(bu)缝(feng);凹凸不平处(chu)(chu)削平和(he)用(yong)聚合物(wu)(wu)砂浆(jiang)填平;再则用(yong)聚合物(wu)(wu)砂浆(jiang)找(zhao)平顺(shun)各处(chu)(chu),达到(dao)满足规(gui)(gui)(gui)范规(gui)(gui)(gui)定的(de)(de)相(xiang)关圆滑(hua)、平顺(shun)要求(qiu),并且在铺设(she)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)带止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)带时(shi),不被撕裂下来;这(zhei)里(li)主(zhu)要有(you)2个原因,其(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)费工(gong)费时(shi),且难(nan)(nan)以完全(quan)满意,其(qi)二下一(yi)(yi)(yi)道(dao)工(gong)序是(shi)由止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)带施工(gong)队伍(wu)来施工(gong),指望他(ta)们能(neng)够完成;因此:止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)带基(ji)面(mian)(mian)处(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)是(shi)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)带施工(gong)第(di)二个关键,必须(xu)有(you)详细的(de)(de)书面(mian)(mian)记录及表格,完整严格的(de)(de)交接(jie)验收之规(gui)(gui)(gui)定,且应得到(dao)有(you)关各责任(ren)方及监理(li)(li)签字认可。

3)、结构侧壁的止(zhi)水带(dai)止(zhi)水带(dai)的铺设与(yu)保(bao)护:

(1)、由于止(zhi)水(shui)带(dai)(dai)止(zhi)水(shui)带(dai)(dai)铺(pu)设(she)是(shi)与(yu)绑(bang)扎(zha)钢筋、制模、砼浇筑(zhu)等(deng)交(jiao)叉进(jin)行(xing),靠(kao)前道(dao)铺(pu)设(she)还好(hao)、有足够的(de)工(gong)作面,但是(shi)后续的(de)铺(pu)设(she)与(yu)修补基本上都是(shi)在钢筋上面进(jin)行(xing),工(gong)作面不(bu)足,同时对止(zhi)水(shui)带(dai)(dai)基面没(mei)有做好(hao)的(de)区域(往(wang)往(wang)也是(shi)难(nan)以施(shi)工(gong)之处(chu)(chu)),或是(shi)阴阳角(jiao)处(chu)(chu),且由于施(shi)工(gong)进(jin)度或一些(xie)其它的(de)原(yuan)因,使(shi)靠(kao)前道(dao)止(zhi)水(shui)带(dai)(dai)止(zhi)水(shui)带(dai)(dai)的(de)施(shi)工(gong)和第二道(dao)相差(cha)较(jiao)长(zhang)的(de)时间,原(yuan)先已(yi)贴(tie)好(hao)的(de)止(zhi)水(shui)带(dai)(dai)可能要重贴(tie)或进(jin)行(xing)大(da)(da)的(de)修补,而此时钢筋已(yi)绑(bang)扎(zha)好(hao),其工(gong)作难(nan)度较(jiao)大(da)(da),同时其中有些(xie)是(shi)无法保(bao)证铺(pu)设(she)质量的(de)死角(jiao)。

(2)、侧墙绑(bang)扎钢(gang)筋与(yu)固(gu)(gu)(gu)定(ding)模(mo)板(ban)对(dui)止(zhi)(zhi)水带止(zhi)(zhi)水带损伤:由于无法采用对(dui)拉(la)(la)螺栓来(lai)固(gu)(gu)(gu)定(ding)直立的(de)模(mo)板(ban)(建议(yi),在可(ke)行的(de)情况加设改良(liang)的(de)2节型(xing)的(de)拉(la)(la)结(jie)螺栓,一(yi)端固(gu)(gu)(gu)定(ding)在模(mo)板(ban)上,另(ling)一(yi)端固(gu)(gu)(gu)定(ding)在辅助钢(gang)筋上,将对(dui)拉(la)(la)螺栓设成(cheng)公母(mu)型(xing),螺纹长度与(yu)可(ke)调节长度均(jun)加长,以满足模(mo)板(ban)调整的(de)需要,固(gu)(gu)(gu)定(ding)在模(mo)板(ban)上的(de)螺栓可(ke)直接取(qu)出),而且由于制(zhi)模(mo)面积大、不(bu)规则,一(yi)般均(jun)采用木模(mo)板(ban)(可(ke)省时省工省力,但其周转次数有限,且刚(gang)度不(bu)足),满堂(tang)支(zhi)撑固(gu)(gu)(gu)定(ding)模(mo)板(ban),但要保证(zheng)模(mo)板(ban)与(yu)钢(gang)筋的(de)间距不(bu)变、或不(bu)使拉(la)(la)结(jie)筋与(yu)止(zhi)(zhi)水带止(zhi)(zhi)水带相(xiang)(xiang)碰,就难(nan)(nan)以做(zuo)到;同(tong)时由于刚(gang)度不(bu)足,特别易(yi)跑(pao)模(mo)漏浆,正因(yin)(yin)为如此,施(shi)工人员振捣(dao)力度就有限,相(xiang)(xiang)应(ying)砼密实程度难(nan)(nan)以满足要求,同(tong)时由于拉(la)(la)结(jie)筋与(yu)止(zhi)(zhi)水带止(zhi)(zhi)水带碰撞,难(nan)(nan)免对(dui)止(zhi)(zhi)水带有所(suo)损伤,极易(yi)造成(cheng)渗水;这也是现场(chang)检(jian)查中各种(zhong)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)接缝易(yi)渗水原因(yin)(yin)之(zhi)一(yi)。

(3)、止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)铺(pu)设是(shi)一(yi)(yi)个(ge)细致、费工费时且(qie)与周围环境密(mi)(mi)切相关的(de)(de)(de)工序(xu),铺(pu)设时的(de)(de)(de)温度(du)(du)、湿度(du)(du)、灰尘等均有较(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)关系,已完成的(de)(de)(de)这几个(ge)车站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai),采用的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)4mm厚(hou)(hou)双(shuang)面自粘聚合物改性沥青止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)(贴必定(ding)),比较(jiao)厚(hou)(hou),在阴(yin)阳角(jiao)和凹(ao)凸(tu)处不易粘贴密(mi)(mi)实,虽然采用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥钉(ding)加压(ya)片固定(ding),但若射(she)钉(ding)过(guo)猛,而压(ya)片未(wei)(wei)加缓冲(chong)止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)垫,则极(ji)易使(shi)连(lian)接处的(de)(de)(de)止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)受(shou)伤,反之若射(she)钉(ding)力道不足,或水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥钉(ding)的(de)(de)(de)长(zhang)度(du)(du)短了、直(zhi)径过(guo)小则难(nan)以固定(ding)止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai),因此已经固定(ding)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)多有脱落,同时各车站(zhan)均是(shi)直(zhi)接铺(pu)贴止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai),未(wei)(wei)先涂界(jie)面剂(这是(shi)因为,止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)基面本身(shen)就粗糙不平,界(jie)面剂难(nan)以起作(zuo)用);其结果(guo)就是(shi)只要(yao)有一(yi)(yi)处止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)受(shou)损渗水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),则整个(ge)止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)失(shi)效(xiao),到处串(chuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),极(ji)不易找出何(he)处是(shi)渗水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源。

(4)、止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)防护(hu):止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)铺(pu)设(she)不(bu)是(shi)一(yi)次(ci)就(jiu)完全铺(pu)设(she)到(dao)位的(de)(de)(de)(de),而是(shi)分(fen)段、不(bu)同高度并(bing)与与绑扎钢筋、制模(mo)、砼(tong)浇(jiao)筑等交叉进(jin)(jin)行的(de)(de)(de)(de);各(ge)工(gong)序(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)交叉施(shi)工(gong)极易使止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)受损(sun)(sun),虽(sui)然止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)有双层薄模(mo)保护(hu),但薄模(mo)必(bi)须根据工(gong)序(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)进(jin)(jin)展(zhan)要求分(fen)别于不(bu)同时(shi)(shi)间撕(si)去,并(bing)应(ying)当(dang)按要求在(zai)(zai)(zai)预(yu)留搭(da)接处保留薄模(mo);从已施(shi)工(gong)车站来看,一(yi)些止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)薄膜不(bu)是(shi)过早(zao)撕(si)去、或是(shi)忘记撕(si)掉一(yi)同浇(jiao)入砼(tong)中,这(zhei)样止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)过早(zao)暴露在(zai)(zai)(zai)空气(qi)中,从而老化(hua)变(bian)脆、失(shi)去弹性和粘(zhan)接性、或由于薄模(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)失(shi)去隔水(shui)(shui)(shui)性变(bian)成存(cun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)袋;而施(shi)工(gong)中所产生的(de)(de)(de)(de)污水(shui)(shui)(shui)、废渣、烟头(tou)等废弃物(wu),以及(ji)电焊等都给(ji)未防护(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)已铺(pu)设(she)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)损(sun)(sun)伤;这(zhei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)车站检查中常常可以看到(dao);止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)防护(hu)关键(jian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)于管理,一(yi)是(shi)严(yan)格管理制度、二是(shi)适时(shi)(shi)进(jin)(jin)行各(ge)层次(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)培训,明(ming)确各(ge)人应(ying)当(dang)注意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)项和遵循的(de)(de)(de)(de)原则;三(san)是(shi)严(yan)格监(jian)督,及(ji)时(shi)(shi)修补清理,严(yan)防受损(sun)(sun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)隐患进(jin)(jin)入砼(tong)中;四是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)浇(jiao)筑砼(tong)时(shi)(shi),振捣棒注意(yi)不(bu)得随(sui)意(yi)碰撞钢筋,严(yan)禁与止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)带(dai)(dai)相碰。